Obstrucción laríngea inducible (OLI): una revisión actualizada de la literatura

La obstrucción laríngea inducible se ha descrito como un trastorno de la respiración que se presenta, habitualmente, como dificultad respiratoria aguda por aducción anormal de los pliegues vocales, típicamente, durante la inspiración. Es más frecuente en mujeres y adultos, que en adolescentes. Es difícil estimar la incidencia exacta dada la heterogeneidad de los criterios diagnósticos y nomenclatura, asociado al frecuente subdiagnóstico de esta entidad. Por ello, en la literatura se ha reportado la prevalencia de acuerdo con las subpoblaciones de pacientes, describiendo que alrededor de un 2,8% de los pacientes que consultan en el servicio de urgencia por disnea podría corresponder a esta patología. El diagnóstico es eminentemente clínico, con confirmación mediante laringoscopia flexible. Se apoya en exámenes de función respiratoria, especialmente para descartar otras patologías pulmonares que expliquen el cuadro. El tratamiento es sencillo y, suele ser exitoso, tanto en situaciones agudas como crónicas. Sin embargo, se ha descrito, frecuentemente, un retraso en el diagnóstico, debido a desconocimiento de esta patología.

Induced laryngeal obstruction has been described as a respiratory disorder, usually presenting as an acute respiratory distress due to abnormal adduction of the vocal folds, typically during inspiration. It is more frequent in women and adults, than adolescents. It is difficult to estimate its exact incidence given the heterogeneity of the diagnostic criteria and nomenclature, together with its common underdiagnosis. Hence, studies have reported its prevalence according to the subpopulations within this entity, with a prevalence of 2.8% in patients who consult in the emergency room for dyspnea. The diagnosis is based upon clinical presentation, confirmed by flexible laryngoscopy, and supported by respiratory function exams to rule out other pulmonary diseases with similar symptoms. Its treatment is simple and usually successful, in both acute and chronic situations. However, a delay in the diagnosis has been frequently described, due to unawareness of this disorder.

Associação entre hábitos orais e má oclusão com problemas respiratórios em escolares de 5 anos / Association between oral habits and malocclusion with respiratory problems in 5-year-old schoolchildren

Introdução Toda má oclusão apresenta origem multifatorial, e dentre os fatores que a desencadeiam estão os hábitos. O surgimento de um hábito pode estar relacionado com o emocional, o fisiológico ou com o aprendizado condicionado do indivíduo. Objetivo Analisar as relações entre hábitos e más oclusões associado a problemas respiratórios em escolares de 5 anos. Material e método Foi realizado um estudo transversal com uma amostra de 753 crianças pertencentes à rede municipal de ensino da cidade de Araraquara, SP. Foram realizados exames clínicos para avaliação da má oclusão (Foster & Hamilton), além de aplicado questionários aos pais para avaliação de condição socioeconômica e demográfica, qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (ECOHIS) e hábitos. A análise dos dados foi feita pela análise bivariada por teste qui-quadrado seguida de modelo de regressão logística múltipla considerando nível de significância de 5%. Resultado A prevalência de crianças com problemas respiratórios e/ou alergias foi de 46,9%, com má oclusão foi de 58,7% e com algum tipo de hábito oral deletério foi de 12,0%. Apresentaram mais chance de ter problemas respiratórios e/ou alergias crianças do sexo masculino (1,40 vezes mais) e crianças com algum hábito oral deletério (1,95 vezes mais). Conclusão Observou-se que apresentaram maior chance de problemas respiratórios e/ou alergias as crianças do sexo masculino, crianças com algum hábito oral deletério e que apresentavam bruxismo.

Introduction All malocclusion has a multifactorial origin, and among the factors that trigger it are the habits. The appearance of a habit can be related to the emotional, physiological or conditioned learning of the individual. Objective Evaluate the relationship between habits and malocclusions associated with respiratory problems in 5-year-old students. Material and method A cross-sectional study were carried out with a sample of 753 children belonging to the municipal education network of the city of Araraquara-SP. Clinical exams were performed for malocclusion evaluation (Foster & Hamilton), applying questionnaires to the parents for evaluation of socioeconomic and demographic condition, oral health related quality of life (ECOHIS) and habits. Data analysis was performed by bivariate analysis using chi-square test followed by multiple logistic regression model considering 5% significance level. Result The prevalence of children with respiratory problems and/or allergies was 46.9%, with malocclusion was 58.7% and with some type of deleterious oral habit was 12.0%. Male children were 1.40 times more likely to present respiratory problems or allergies and children with some deleterious oral habits were 1.95 times more likely to present respiratory problems or allergies. Conclusion It was observed that male children, children that presented deleterious oral habits, and children with bruxism are more likely to have respiratory problems and/or allergies.

Impacto de la contaminación por material particulado sobre las atenciones de urgencias por causas respiratorias en Chillán, Concepción y Los Ángeles / Impact of pollution by particulate matter on emergency room admissions for respiratory causes in Chillán, Concepción, and Los Ángeles, Chile

OBJETIVO: Determinar el impacto de la contaminación del aire sobre la salud respiratoria en las comunas de Chillán, Concepción y Los Ángeles entre los años 2013 y 2017. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se estimaron modelos lineales generalizados (GLM) a partir de datos diarios de atenciones de urgencias por enfermedades respiratorias desagregadas por tipo y rango etario, concentraciones de material particulado respirable (MP10) y material particulado fino (MP2,5), índice viral, variables meteorológicas y estacionales. RESULTADOS: Se obtiene una asociación positiva entre los contaminantes analizados y las atenciones de urgencias por causas respiratorias, especialmente IRA alta y Bronquitis/Bronquiolitis aguda en Chillán, IRA alta en Concepción, y además, IRA alta, Influenza y Crisis Obstructiva Bronquial en Los Ángeles. CONCLUSIONES: El incremento en el número de todas las atenciones de urgencia es aproximadamente 18.695 al año por cada 1 μg/m3 de incremento en las concentraciones de material particulado.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of air pollution on respiratory diseases in the districts of Chillán, Concepción and Los Ángeles, Chile between 2013 and 2017. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Generalized linear models (GLM) were estimated from daily data for emergency room admissions disaggregated by type and age range, concentrations of respirable particulate matter (PM10) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), viral index, meteorological and seasonal variables. RESULTS: A positive association is obtained between the analyzed contaminants and the number of emergency room admissions for respiratory causes, especially acute upper respiratory infection (URI) and acute bronchitis / bronchiolitis in Chillán, acute URI in Concepción, and also, acute URI, Influenza and obstructive bronchial crisis in Los Angeles. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the total number of emergency room admissions is approximately 18,695 per year for every 1 μg / m3 increase in PM concentrations.

Respiratory Symptons Prevalence Among Traffic Policemen in Malaysia

@#Introduction: Traffic policemen are exposed to polluted air for a long time in high concentrations since they are working outside for most of the time which is bad for their health. Hence, this study was to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function among traffic police in Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru. Methods: A pulmonary function test using spirometer was used to measure the pulmonary function of subjects. A questionnaire on respiratory symptoms translated version from IUALTD was used. The questionnaire includes background data, occupational and health history. Results: The traffic policemen were determined as having lower lung function parameters; low FVC% predicted (89.6%) and low FEV1% predicted (94%) due to their nature of work and the environment. Coughing was present at the highest (33.6%) among them, whereas wheezing was found the least (15.7%) of the workers. Conclusions: Findings from this study, indicated that there is a development of respiratory diseases and deterioration of lung function among traffic policemen. These baseline data can serve as a reference to the top management of traffic police officers in order to develop an occupational safety and health guideline for police officers as they are not covered by Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA, Act 514 1994).

Causes of Transfer of Neonates (Born after ≥34 Weeks of Gestation) to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Owing to Respiratory Distress and their Clinical Features

PURPOSE: Respiratory morbidity is the most common problem among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units. Therefore, the aim of this study was to make a differential diagnosis between transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and pneumonia through comparison of clinical features and test results. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in 86 infants with TTN, RDS, or pneumonia. These were infants who had respiratory distress, were born after ≥34 weeks of gestation, and transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit of Kosin University Gospel Hospital between June 1, 2011 and June 30, 2016. RESULTS: The numbers (percentage) of infants with TTN, RDS, and pneumonia were 51 (59.3%), 20 (23.3%), and 15 (17.4%), respectively. Late-preterm and early-term newborns accounted for 65.1% of the infants. Tachypnea was observed in 74.4% of the neonates. The median age at admission was 4 hours (0 to 116) after birth. The infants with RDS had significantly lower birth weights, pH levels, base excess and oxygen saturation levels at admission, longer duration of total ventilator therapy, and hospital stay than those in the other two groups. The infants with pneumonia showed significantly high initial high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels and significant chest radiographic findings. CONCLUSION: Early differential diagnosis for TTN, RDS, and pneumonia is challenging because they show similar respiratory symptoms at an early stage. Clinical features and test results can be used to determine the etiology of respiratory distress and early antibiotic treatment.

Definición del síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) / Definition of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS)

Resumen El síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño es uno de los trastornos del sueño más prevalentes en la población general y está asociado a diferentes alteraciones biológicas que pueden llegar a desencadenar importantes problemas cognitivos, metabólicos y cardiovasculares. Este artículo está dedicado a su definición y a proporcionar los criterios diagnósticos mínimos, tanto clínicos como polisomnográficos, que se tienen en la actualidad.

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is one of the most prevalent sleep disorders in the general population, and is associated with different biological alterations that can trigger important cognitive, metabolic and cardiovascular problems. This article aims at defining and providing the minimum diagnostic criteria, both clinical and polysomnographic, currently in use.

Material particulado y gases contaminantes en la comuna de El Bosque ¿cuánto influyen en la cantidad de consultas por enfermedades respiratorias? / Association between air pollution and emergency consultations for respiratory diseases

Background Air pollution has a direct influence on health. Aim To determine the association between particulate matter and contaminant gas concentrations in the environment with the number of consultations for respiratory diseases in emergency rooms in Metropolitan Santiago, Chile. Material and Methods During five years, the daily number emergency consultations for respiratory diseases and the daily concentrations of particulate matter and contaminant gases in a community of Santiago, were recorded. The degree of change of these variables during summer and winter was determined. Their correlation coefficients with a 0 to 100 days gap, were calculated. Results During winter, there was a higher number of consultations and higher pollution levels, except for O3, which increased in summer. There were positive correlations between the concentrations of different pollutants (mainly 2.5 and 10 μm particulate matter, CO and NO2). There was a negative association between consultations for respiratory diseases and O3 concentrations, an almost negligible association with SO2 and variable positive and significant associations with the concentration of other pollutants, with variations according to the time gap. Conclusions Pollution and respiratory diseases increase during winter. There are variable associations between pollutant concentrations and the number of consultations for respiratory diseases.

Impacto da corticoterapia no prognóstico do prematuro tardio / Impact of corticoisteroids on late preterm prognosis: systematic review

Pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos da corticoterapia antenatal (CTA) nos fetos pré-termo tardios (PTT). Esta revisão tem como proposta examinar se há, ou não, benefícios no uso de corticoide para o incremento da maturação pulmonar fetal e melhoria dos resultados perinatais. Vários estudos avaliando as desordens respiratórias no neonato, a redução da morbimortalidade neonatal e duração do tempo de internação deram suporte a esta revisão. Parece não haver melhora da morbidade respiratória e suas complicações com a utilização da corticoterapia nos PTT, concluindo-se pela necessidade de mais estudos, em especial direcionados para casos de gestações que não apresentem maturidade pulmonar após 34 semanas com maior risco de parto prematuro.(AU)

Little is known about the effects of antenatal corticosteroids in late pre-term fetuses. This review clarify whether there is benefits in using steroids in late pre-term fetus to increase fetal lung maturation and improve perinatal outcomes, or not. Several studies in which the primary outcomes were respiratory disorders, neonatal mortality and hospitalization length were examined in this review. It seems that corticosteroids do not improve respiratory morbidity or its complications. It is concluded that more studies, in particular those including pregnancies with fetal lung immaturity after 34 weeks presenting higher risk of premature labor.(AU)

The expression and correlation of MMP-9 and NF-κB in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients with hypertension / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the role of plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) complicated with hypertension.Methods The patients were selected in the respiratory medicine and neurology of our hospital from January 2014 to June 2014.Polysomnography(PSG) monitoring was employed to assess the patient.All patients were divided into 3 groups,including snoring group(23 cases),OSAHS group(32 cases),OSAHS with hypertension group(31 cases).And then according to the hypertension stage,OSAHS with hypertension group was divided into 3 groups,including OSAHS with stage 1 hypertension group(9 cases),OSAHS with stage 2 hypertension group(9 cases),OSAHS with stage 3 hypertension group(13 cases).The plasma MMP-9 was measured by ELISA.The mRNA expression levels of MMP-9 and NF-κB were detected by real-time quantitative PCR.Results The levels of MMP-9 and MMP-9 mRNA and NF-κB mRNA in OSAHS with hypertension group were significantly higher than those of snoring group and OSAHS group and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The expression of MMP-9,the MMP-9 and NF-κB mRNA expression of monocytes in OSAHS with stage 3 hypertension group was significantly higher than those of OSAHS with stage 1 hypertension group and OSAHS with stage 2 hypertension group and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The plasma MMP-9 was positively correlated with AHI and oxygen desaturation index and negatively correlated with LSaO2(P<0.05).The plasma MMP-9 was positively correlated with the MMP-9 mRNA expression(P<0.05).The MMP-9 mRNA expression was positively correlated with the NF-κB mRNA expression(P<0.05).Conclusion The plasma concentrations of MMP-9,the MMP-9 and NF-κB mRNA expression of monocytes in OSAHS with hypertension patients was significantly high,which is associated with disease severity and degree of hypoxia.The MMP-9 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of OSAHS with hypertension and be regulated by NF-κB pathway.

Currents issues in cardiorespiratory care of patients with post-polio syndrome / Tópicos atuais no tratamento cardiorrespiratório de pacientes com síndrome pós-poliomielite

ABSTRACT Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that affects polio survivors years after recovery from an initial acute attack of the poliomyelitis virus. Most often, polio survivors experience a gradual new weakening in muscles that were previously affected by the polio infection. The actual incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in individuals suffering from PPS is not known. However, there is a reason to suspect that individuals with PPS might be at increased risk. Method A search for papers was made in the databases Bireme, Scielo and Pubmed with the following keywords: post polio syndrome, cardiorespiratory and rehabilitation in English, French and Spanish languages. Although we targeted only seek current studies on the topic in question, only the relevant (double-blind, randomized-controlled and consensus articles) were considered. Results and Discussion Certain features of PPS such as generalized fatigue, generalized and specific muscle weakness, joint and/or muscle pain may result in physical inactivity deconditioning obesity and dyslipidemia. Respiratory difficulties are common and may result in hypoxemia. Conclusion Only when evaluated and treated promptly, somE patients can obtain the full benefits of the use of respiratory muscles aids as far as quality of life is concerned.

RESUMO Síndrome pós-polio (SPP) é uma condição que afeta sobreviventes da poliomielite aguda (PAA), anos após a recuperação de um ataque agudo inicial do vírus. Na maioria das vezes, os sobreviventes da polio começam a apresentar nova paresia gradual nos músculos que foram previamente afetados pela infecção. A incidência real de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) em indivíduos que sofrem de SPP não é conhecida. Entretanto, há indícios para suspeitar de que sujeitos com SPP podem estar em maior risco. Método Realizou-se uma busca de artigos nas bases de dados: Bireme, Scielo e Pubmed, utilizando as seguintes palavras-chave: síndrome pós-poliomielite, função cardiorrespiratória e reabilitação, nos idiomas Inglês, Francês e Espanhol. Embora tenhamos selecionado um número expressivo de artigos, somente foram considerados os duplo-cegos, randomizados-controlados, além de consensos. Resultados e Discussão Certas características da SPP, tais como fadiga muscular, paresia, dor muscular e/ou articulares podem resultar em descondicionamento por inatividade física, além de obesidade e dislipidemia. Dificuldades respiratórias são comuns e podem resultar em hipoxemia. Conclusão Somente quando avaliados e tratados em tempo hábil, alguns pacientes são capazes de obter os benefícios do uso dos músculos respiratórios auxiliares em termos de qualidade de vida.

Association between the Number of Existing Permanent Teeth and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease / 치위생과학회지

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the number of existing permanent teeth is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a representative sample of Korean adults. Data from 3,107 subjects who participated in the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were examined. The dependent variable was COPD and the independent variable was the number of existing permanent teeth. Spirometry results were classified into three groups (normal pattern, restrictive pattern, and obstructive pattern) by trained technicians. We used dichotomized COPD variables (no vs. yes). The number of existing permanent teeth was evaluated by oral examination and divided into 3 groups (0∼19, 20∼27, and 28). Demographic factors (age group and sex group), socioeconomic status (education and income), health behaviors (smoking and drinking), oral health and behavior (frequency of toothbrushing; periodontitis; decayed, missing, filled, permanent teeth index; and denture status), and general health status (body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension) were included as confounders in the analysis. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analyses including confounders were applied, and all analyses considered a complex sampling design. Stratified analysis was performed by smoking status. After controlling for various confounders, there was a significant association between the number of existing permanent teeth and COPD (odds ratio [OR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20∼3.00 for the 20∼27 group; OR, 3.93; 95% CI, 1.75∼8.84 for the 0∼19 group). The association was more significant in current smokers (OR, 8.90; 95% CI, 2.53∼31.33). Our data indicate that the number of existing permanent teeth was independently associated with COPD, especially in current smokers. Further longitudinal research is needed to determine whether oral health promotion plays a role in the improvement of lung function and prevention of COPD.

Caracterización de ALTE en neuropediatría. Hospital La Misericordia, Bogotá, Colombia, 2009-2013 / Characterization of ALTE in pediatric neurology. Hospital La Misericordia, Bogotá, Colombia, 2009-2013

Introducción: El síndrome de ALTE es una condición que amenaza la vida de los lactantes; requiere diagnóstico y manejo adecuado para evitar complicaciones o muerte, y sus causas son numerosas, entre ellas: gastrointestinales, respiratorias, neurológicas y otras; las patologías neurológicas representan la tercera causa en la mayoría de estudios. Objetivo: Describir las características de la población de pacientes que consultaron al Hospital de la Misericordia (HOMI) de Bogotá por un episodio de ALTE y que fueron valorados por la especialidad de neuropediatría en el período 2009 a 2013. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en una población de 107 pacientes con diagnóstico de ALTE; se determinaron los datos sociodemográficos, características, causas y tratamientos de ALTE; se utilizó el programa SPSS 22. Resultados: La etiología neurológica de ALTE correspondió al 16,8%, correspondiente a crisis epilépticas, trastornos respiratorios de origen central y sangrados de sistema nervioso central. Ocupa el tercer lugar en etiologías, después de las causas gastrointestinales y respiratorias. Conclusión: Es importante definir el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los pacientes con ALTE, pues existe alto riesgo de morbimortalidad asociada. Deben evaluarse factores neurológicos, y no solo gastrointestinales o respiratorios, que ayuden a definir la etiología y evitar complicaciones.

Introduction: ALTE is a condition that threatens the lives of infants; requires diagnosis and appropriate management to avoid complications and / or death. There are numerous causes among which are gastrointestinal, respiratory, and neurological and others. Being the third cause, neurological pathologies in most studies. Objective: To describe the characteristics of the population of patients admitted to Hospital de la Misericord HOMI Bogota, for ALTE and were valued by the specialty of pediatric neurology in the period 2009-2013. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, with a population of 107 patients with a diagnosis of ALTE; sociodemographic data, characteristics, causes and treatments of ALTE were determined. SPSS 22 software was used. Results: The etiology of neurological ALTE corresponded to 16.8%, corresponding to seizures, respiratory disorders of central origin and CNS bleeds. Ranking as third in etiology below gastrointestinal and respiratory causes. Conclusion: It is important to define the diagnosis and treatment of patients with ALTE, as there is a high risk of morbidity and mortality associated. Factors not only neurological and gastrointestinal or respiratory, to help define the etiology and avoid complications should be evaluated.

Total IgE plasma levels vary according to gender and age in Brazilian patients with allergic rhinitis

OBJECTIVE: Allergic rhinitis is a disease that affects the upper airways and causes inflammation of the nasal mucosa and it is mediated by IgE antibodies produced after sensitization to environmental allergens. Previous reports have indicated that this disease affects males more often than females. The objective of this study was to verify whether total IgE plasma levels vary between genders in patients suffering from allergic rhinitis. METHODS: A total of 171 adult patients suffering from allergic rhinitis (55 males and 116 females) were enrolled. Total IgE plasma levels were determined using commercial kits, with 140 IU/mL considered as a reference value. The mean total IgE plasma levels were compared according to gender and age. RESULTS: The mean age of the overall patient group with allergic rhinitis was 38.4±19.0 years and a significant difference in age was observed between genders (males: 32.2±17.8 years; females: 41.4±18.9 years; p = 0.0027). Additionally, the mean total IgE plasma levels were higher in males (413.0±143.0 IU/mL) than in females (147.9±98.0 IU/mL) (p<0.0001). These differences persisted even when males and females were stratified by age (up to or older than 20 years of age). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, total IgE plasma levels are higher in young adult males than in females suffering from allergic rhinitis. Evaluating total IgE plasma levels can be useful to identify patients at risk of allergic rhinitis in areas with low industrial pollution. .

Reequilíbrio tóraco-abdominal em recém-nascidos prematuros: efeitos em parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, no comportamento, na dor e no desconforto respiratório / Rebalancing thoracoabdominal movements in preterms infants: effects on cardiorespiratory parameters, in behavior, in pain and in the respiratory effort

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de manuseios do método fisioterapêutico de Reequilíbrio Tóraco-Abdominal (RTA) em parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, em sinais clínicos de esforço respiratório, no comportamento e na dor de recém-nascidos (RN) prematuros com baixo peso internados em unidade de terapia intensiva. Método: Ensaio clínico controlado, randomizado com avaliador cego. Os RN foram caracterizados segundo: sexo, idade gestacional (IG), idade gestacional corrigida (IgC), peso, altura, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), tipo de parto, ventilação mecânica (VM), oxigenoterapia (O2) e Apgar. Através de sorteio foram divididos em dois grupos: G1 - grupo controle e G2 - grupo que recebeu RTA. Os RN foram avaliados antes e imediatamente após um dos procedimentos. Foram verificados os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios de frequência respiratória (FR), frequência cardíaca (FC) e saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2), analisado o desconforto respiratório através do Boletim de silvermann-anderson (BSA), a dor através da Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) e o comportamento pela escala de Prechtl e Beinteman (EPB). O G1 permaneceu em repouso por 20 minutos e o G2 foi submetido a 20 minutos de intervenção, composta por 4 manuseios da técnica (apoio íleo-costal, apoio tóraco-abdominal, apoio abdominal inferior e apoio toraco-abdominal e abdominal inferior simultaneamente), cada um com 5 minutos de duração. Foram aplicados os testes qui-quadrado, teste de Wilcoxon e de Mann Whitney, para comparação intra e intergrupos, respectivamente. Adotou-se um nível de significância de 5% (p = 0,05). Resultados: Houve diminuição significativa da FR (54,08 ± 8,34rpm x 49,77 ± 2,82 rpm, p = 0,0277) e do BSA (0,62 ± 0,96 x 0,00 ± 0,60; p = 0,0431) nos RN submetidos ao RTA. Também verificou-se menor pontuação na escala EPB do G2 em comparação ao G1 (1,00 ± 0,00 x 1,54 ± 1,13, com p = 0,0492). As outras variáveis não diferiram entre os grupos. Conclusão: Os RN prematuros de baixo peso submetidos aos manuseios do método RTA apresentaram redução da FR e do desconforto respiratório. Não houve prejuízo alteração no comportamento dos neonatos com a aplicação da técnica.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of physical therapy method handlings Rebalancing thoracoabdominal movements (RTA) on cardiorespiratory parameters in clinical signs of respiratory effort, behavior and pain in the newborn (NB) premature infants with low birth weight infants in unit intensive care. Method: Controlled clinical trial, randomized and blinded. The infants were characterized according to sex, gestational age (GA), corrected gestational age (IgG), weight, height, body mass index (BMI), type of delivery, mechanical ventilation (MV), oxygen (O2) and Apgar score. By lottery were divided into two groups: G1 - the control group and G2 - the group that received RTA. The newborns were assessed before and immediately after the procedures. Cardiorespiratory parameters were tested for respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory distress analyzed by Silvermann-Anderson Bulletin (BSA), the pain through the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) and the behavior of the scale Prechtl and Beinteman (EPB). The G1 remained at rest for 20 minutes and G2 underwent 20 minutes of intervention, consisting of four handlings of the technique (support ileo-costal, support thoraco-abdominal, lower abdominal support and support thoraco-abdominal and lower abdominal simultaneously), each one with 5 minutes? duration. We applied the chi-square test, Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney test for comparison within and between groups, respectively. We adopted a significance level of 5% (p = 0.005). Results: There was significant decrease in RF (54.08 ± 8.34 49.77 ± 2.82 rpm x rpm, p = 0.0277) and BSA (0.62 ± 0.96 vs. 0.00 ± 0.60, p = 0.0431) in newborns submitted to the RTA. Also it was verified lower scores on the EPB in G2 as compared to G1 (1.00 ± 0.00 x 1.54 ± 1.13, p = 0.0492). The other variables did not differ between groups. Conclusion: The low-weight premature newborns subjected to the method handlings RTA had reduced RF and respiratory distress. No damages were observed change in behavior of neonates with the method application.

Cumplimiento de las recomendaciones en rehabilitación respiratoria de la British Thoracic Society en pacientes con fibrosis quística: estudio en fisioterapeutas colombianos / Adherence to the recommendations in respiratory rehabilitation of the British Thoracic Society in patients with cystic fibrosis: a study of colombian physiotherapists

Con el objetivo de evaluar el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones en rehabilitación respiratoria (ReR), planteadas por la British Thoracic Society (BTS) en pacientes con fibrosis quística (FQ) se realizó un estudio transversal entre 224 fisioterapeutas colombianos para identificar el tipo de intervenciones y las características de los programas de ReR como componentes del cumplimiento de las guías clínicas basadas en la evidencia de la BTS. Un elevado porcentaje de profesionales respondieron “realizar siempre” intervenciones con alto nivel de evidencia (grado A) como: técnicas de higiene bronquial (54,0%) y ciclo activo de la respiración (35,3%). Se observaron también intervenciones con menor grado de recomendación (grado D) como: uso de solución salina hipertónica y broncodilatador para evitar el broncoespasmo (33,9%), y técnicas de terapia manual o ejercicios de movilidad torácica y resistida (38,4%) para corregir problemas posturales y respiratorios. En conclusión, se encontraron importantes discrepancias con las intervenciones y componentes sugeridos por BTS en pacientes con FQ.

The aim was to evaluate compliance with the recommendations in respiratory rehabilitation (ReR), raised by the British Thoracic Society (BTS) in patients with cystic fibrosis. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 224 Colombian physiotherapists to identify interventions and components of ReR programs as recommended by the BTS. Interventions with high level of evidence (Grade A) such as: Bronchial Hygiene Therapy (54.0%), and Active Cycle of Breathing Techniques (35.3%) were identified. However, high percentage of physiotherapists practiced interventions with lower grade of recommendation (Grade D) such as: hypertonic saline and bronchodilator to prevent bronchospasm (33.9%), and using manual therapy techniques and thoracic mobility exercises (38.4%) to correct postural and breathing problems. In conclusions we confirm important differences in therapeutic assistant components of the ReR raised by the BTS for patients with cystic fibrosis.

Abordagem do fisioterapeuta na saúde da criança: relato de experiência de proposta de trabalho em uma unidade de atenção primária à saúde / Physical therapist's approach in child health: report of an experience of a proposal for work in a primary healthcare unit

Os cuidados com a saúde infantil estão entre as ações essenciais do Ministério da Saúde, sendo fundamentais à promoção do nascimento, crescimento, desenvolvimento e alimentação saudáveis. Assim, deve ocorrer o enfoque prioritário na prevenção das doenças prevalentes e na vigilância dos fatores de risco. Nesse contexto, este trabalho buscou descrever as ações da prática do fisioterapeuta na Atenção Primária à Saúde, no âmbito da saúde da criança, a partir de uma abordagem integral. Para tal, foi realizado um levantamento das crianças com problemas respiratórios que participavam dos grupos com intervenções fisioterapêuticas na unidade, sendo posteriormente realizadas visitas aos domicílios destas e de outras crianças. Profissionais e estagiários de fisioterapia, de enfermagem e agentes comunitários participaram dessas ações. Foram trabalhados temas como alimentação, educação, higiene pessoal e da casa e orientações sobre prevenção e cuidados com problemas respiratórios e gastrointestinais. Foram realizadas cerca de duas visitas mensais aos domicílios, bem como necessárias visitas à escola e creche da comunidade. Foi observado que a maior parte dos domicílios apresentava agentes desencadeadores de problemas respiratórios. É importante a realização de ações multidisciplinares que abordem integralmente a prevenção de agravos e a promoção da saúde da criança, entre elas as que integrem ensino e serviços de saúde, assim como a realização de outros estudos no âmbito da promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos neste ciclo de vida.

The child health care is among the essential actions of the Ministry of Health to promove the birth, growth, development and healthy food. The primary focus in caring for prevalent diseases and monitoring of risk factors also must exist. In this context, describe the actions of the Physical Therapy in Primary Health Care in the context of child health from a holistic approach. It was initially conducted a survey of children with respiratory problems who participated in the groups with physical therapy interventions in the unit and, after, made home visits. Professionals and trainees in physical therapy, nursing, and community agents have participated in the research. We worked on issues such as food, education, personal and home care, and about prevention and care of respiratory ad gastrointestinal problems. It was necessary to carry about two visits for month to give guidance to families, likewise visits in the school and daycare. Most households had triggering agents for respiratory problems. It is important to carry out disciplinary actions with a holistic approach relating to promotion of child health, among them those that integrate education and health services. Other studies should be conducted on the health promotion and disease prevention.

Respiratory Morbidities in Newborn Infants by Gestational Age Following Elective Cesarean Section beyond 35 Weeks of Gestation / 대한주산의학회잡지

PURPOSE: We evaluate respiratory morbidities in infants beyond 35 weeks of gestation born via elective cesarean section by gestational age. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 443 infants who were born at Seoul National University Hospital by elective cesarean section beyond 35 weeks of gestation from January 2011 to December 2012. We compared respiratory morbidities in four groups classified by gestational age (35(+0)-36(+6) weeks, 37(+0)-37(+6) weeks, 38(+0)-38(+6) weeks, 39(+0)-40(+6) weeks). RESULTS: There were significantly lower Apgar scores in the late-preterm infant group (35-36 weeks) compared to other term infant groups and the proportion of infants born from mothers with preeclampsia gradually decreased as gestational age increased. There were significant differences in O2 supplement, duration of O2 (>24 hours), checked chest radiography, transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN), transfer to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), endotracheal intubation, and ventilator uses including nasal continuous positive airway pressure in four groups (P<0.05). By logistic regression analysis, compared to births at 38 weeks, births at 35-36 weeks and at 37 weeks were associated with an increased risk of respiratory morbidities [odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for births at 35-36 weeks, 122.5 (17.4-863.4) for TTN; 54.0 (10.1-289.4) for transfer to NICU; 99.5 (14.9-666.2) for ventilator apply; OR and 95% CI for births at 37 weeks, 8.8 (1.6-50.1) for TTN; 5.3 (1.1-24.7) for transfer to NICU; 8.4 (1.5-47.7) for ventilator apply; P<0.05]. There were no significant differences in respiratory morbidities between births at 38 weeks and births at 39-40 weeks. CONCLUSION: Postponing the timing of elective cesarean section to beyond 38 weeks of gestation would be helpful in reducing the neonatal respiratory morbidities.

Supervivencia del recién nacido ventilado / Survival of ventilated infants

Fundamento: la ventilación mecánica es una de las técnicas de mayor importancia y más utilizada en los servicios de neonatología, tiene como objetivo elevar el intercambio gaseoso y mejorar el estado clínico del recién nacido. Su empleo oportuno y correcto tiene una gran repercusión en la evolución favorable del paciente. Objetivo: conocer cuáles han sido los resultados en la supervivencia del recién nacido ventilado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Hospital Universitario Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, Bayamo, Granma. Método: se realizó un estudio prospectivo desde el año 2006 hasta el 2009. Para la realización de la investigación se tuvo en cuenta la edad gestacional, el peso al nacer y las enfermedades de los recién nacidos ventilados, así como el tiempo y las posibles complicaciones. Resultados: predominaron los pacientes con encefalopatías hipóxicas-isquémicas, cardiopatías congénitas y con hemorragias intracraneales, así como el recién nacido ventilado en las primeras seis horas y el desenchufe del ventilador en los primeros tres días. Conclusiones: los recién nacidos con afecciones respiratorias constituyeron el mayor número de ventilados, predominaron las afecciones quirúrgicas. El tratamiento ventilatorio al comienzo de la ventilación en las primeras seis horas y la estadía ≤ tres días fue efectivo, se detectaron como complicaciones frecuentes la neumonía del ventilado, la atelectasia y la intubación selectiva.

Background: mechanical ventilation is one of the most important techniques and most commonly used in neonatal services, it is aimed to raise gaseous exchange and to improve clinical status of infants. Timely and correct use has a great impact on the favorable evolution of the patient. Objective: to know the results of ventilated infants'survival in the neonatal intensive care unit at the University Hospital Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, Bayamo, Granma. Method: a prospective study from 2006 to 2009 was conducted. Gestational age, birth weight and ventilated infants diseases, as well as time and possible complications were taken into account. Results: patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathies, congenital cardiopathies with intracranial bleeding prevailed, as well as ventilated infants in the first six hours and ventilator disconnection in the first three days. Conclusions: infants with respiratory problems constituted the largest number of ventilated patients, surgical conditions predominated. Ventilatory treatment at the beginning of ventilation in the first six hours and stage ≤ three days was effective, the most frequent complications detected were ventilated pneumonia, atelectasis and selective intubation.